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Authors
Ishii, M.
Hamabe, A.
Okita, K.
Nishidate, T.
Okuya, K.
Akizuki, E.
Noda, A.
Miyo, M.
Miura, R.
Toyota, M.
Okamoto, K.
Takemasa, I.
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Sapporo Medical University Hospital.
: Written informed consent was obtained from patients whose data were prospectively collected. For retrospective cases, the requirement for informed consent was waived under the opt-out policy, with information disclosed on the institutional website allowing patients the opportunity to decline participation.
