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Article History

Received: 5 December 2024

Accepted: 3 February 2025

First Online: 24 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Our laboratory is a collaboration laboratory with Tosoh corp. and the authors have funded from Tosoh Corp. for this study.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee at which the studies were conducted (IRB approval number; 2021–0025 from Niigata University and H290005 from Shinrakuen Hospital) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: As this study quantitatively analyzed proteins in urine samples that were no longer needed after clinical testing and it is not a prospective interventional study, the ethics committee waived the need for direct informed consent. Instead, we offered participants the opportunity to opt-out to participate.