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Article History

Received: 1 February 2025

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 4 June 2025

Declarations

:

: K. Hiromura has received consultancy fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, GlaxoSmithKline, research support from Chugai Pharmaceutical, and speaker fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Asahi Kasei Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Kissei Pharmaceutical, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. S. Maruyama has received consultancy fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, speaker fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, joint research expenses from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Zenyaku Kogyo, and scholarship donation from Otsuka Pharmaceutical. H Ikeuchi has received speaker fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Glaxo Smith K line. Y Imai, H Sugiyama, H Sato, and H. Yokoyama have no COI to declare.

: This retrospective cohort study followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Japanese Society of Nephrology (Reference number: 111) and the Ethics Committee of Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine [Reference number: IRB2023-53(2124)].

: Patients were provided with the opportunity to opt out of participating in this study, and all study information was provided on the institution’s home page.