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Article History

Received: 10 May 2025

Accepted: 23 July 2025

First Online: 8 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Mari Sotozawa, Kyoji Chiba, Kazuo Kobayashi, Keiichi Chin, Hideo Shimura, Toshinao Tsuge, Shun Ito, Hiroyuki Sakai, Takayuki Furuki, Atsushi Matsuzaki, Shinichi Nakajima, Nobukazu Takada, Hareaki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Takeda, Takamasa Iwasawa, Togo Aoyama, and Akira Kanamori declare no conflict of interest. Hiromichi Wakui has received research supports from AstraZeneca, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Kaneka Corporation, and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Kaneka Corporation, Kyowa Kirin, Sanwa Kagaku, Chugai Pharma, Kowa, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Bayer, and Daiichi-Sankyo Pharma. Masao Toyoda received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo, and Mitsubishi Tanabe and received subsidies from Super Light Water, TAKAGI, Roche DC, and LifeScan. Kouichi Tamura has received honoraria/lecture fee from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Bayer, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fuji Pharma, Kyowa Kirin, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanwa Kagaku, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Kowa, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk; commissioned clinical trials, contract research, and joint research funding from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Novartis, Chinook, Otsuka Medical Devices, Novo Nordisk, Terumo, Viatris, and Kowa, and received scholarship donations from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Bayer, Mochida Pharmaceutical, and Boehringer Ingelheim.

: This study was approved by the Review Board of the Kanagawa Medical Association, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan (krec2305, approval on December 18, 2023).

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.