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Article History

Received: 16 September 2025

Accepted: 30 November 2025

First Online: 23 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Yuichiro Yano received research support, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, from Kyowa Kirin, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Novartis, and Kowa Company. Naoki Kashihara received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Kyowa Kirin, Novartis, Novo Nordisc, and Daiichi Sankyo, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, Otsuka, Kyowa Kirin, Asterallas, and Ono Pharma, payment for expert testimony from Novartis and Daiichi Sankyo, and a leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid at Japan Kidney Association. Masaomi Nangaku received research support from Kyowa Kirin, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, JT, Chugai, Torii, and Bayer, consulting fees from Kyowa Kirin, Daiichi Sankyo, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, JT, and BI, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kyowa Kirin, Astra Zeneca, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, and BI. Hitoshi Suzuki received research support from Chugai, Mochida, Kaneka, consulting fees from Viatris, Asahikasei, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kyowa Kirin, Otsuka, Astra Zeneca, Novartis. Hirokazu Okada received research support from Kyowa Kirin, Bayer Pharm, Chugai Pharm, and Ono Pharm, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kyowa Kirin, Torii Pharm, Daiichi Sankyo, Mitsubishi Tanabe, AstraZeneca, and Astellas Pharm, and a leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid at Japan Kidney Association. Yusuke Suzuki received research funding from Aurinia, Japan Kidney Association, Mebix, Novartis, Pfizer, Rona Bioscience, Tokiwa, and Travere; consulting fees from Alexion, Alpine, Argenx, BioCryst, Chinook, George Clinical, Novartis, Otsuka, and Renalys; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chinook, Daiichi Sankyo, Kyowa Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, and Otsuka.