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Article History

Received: 10 December 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 26 December 2025

Declarations

:

: TT has received consulting fees from Astellas Pharma Inc. He has also honoraria for speaking engagements and educational events from Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co.,Ltd., AstraZeneca K.K. Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Nobelpharma Co., Ltd. NK has received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline K.K. and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. He has also received honoraria for speaking engagements and educational events from Eisai Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Vantive Japan. MA has received payment for speaking from Novartis Pharma K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical. The other authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.

: All data were de-identified prior to analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information in Japan, the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and the STROBE guidelines. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (approval number 56).

: The data used in this study contained no identifying personal information. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Medicine Ethics Committee of the JSDT.

: Not applicable.