Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained in accordance with the MIMIC data use agreement. The MIMIC-IV project was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the use of de-identified data.