Zhang, Bin
Hong, Dongxi
Sun, Jiaping
Guan, Guifen
Xiao, Junnan
Zhang, Yingyong
Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 31 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare.
: All participants provided written informed consent and study procedures were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board (Protocol Number: Protocol #2005–06 and Protocol #2011–17).
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. This study was not a clinical trial.