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Authors
Tomishima, Hiromu
Odawara, Motoki
Hatta, Tsuguru
Imamura, Yoshihiko
Sakurada, Tsutomu
Maruyama, Takashi
Abe, Masanori
Kaname, Shinya
Nangaku, Masaomi
Nishi, Hiroshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-7889
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University of Tokyo
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
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: Consultancies: Masaomi Nangaku (Kyowa Kirin, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Daiichi Sankyo, Tanabe Pharma, Chugai, Torii, Japan Tobacco, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim), Honoraria: Motoki Odawara (Kyowa Kirin), Tsutomu Sakurada (Vantive), Masaomi Nangaku (Kyowa Kirin, Tanabe Pharma, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim), Hiroshi Nishi (Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Kyowa Kirin, Tanabe Pharma, Mochida, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Roche Diagnostics, Torii, Zeria), Grants received: Masaomi Nangaku (Kyowa Kirin, Japan Tobacco, Chugai, Boehringer Ingelheim), Hiroshi Nishi (Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kyowa Kirin, Novo Nordisk, Tanabe Pharma).
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of Nihon University School of Medicine (2025–20) and University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine (2025111NIe) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
