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Authors
Kaniewska, Emilia
Kim, Gibbeum
Khan, Rafay A.
Tai, Yihsin
Willson, Caterina M.
Esquivel, Carlos
Sherman, Paul M.
Husain, Fatima T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-3851
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DoD CDMRP PRMRP (W81XWH-15-2-0032)
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics Approval: Data were collected at the Defense Health Agency Hearing Center for Excellence (HCE) at Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland Air Force, Texas, under the IRB Protocol number M-10546. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Defense Health Agency and the Declaration of Helsinki.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Use of AI-Assited Technologies: In preparing this manuscript, the authors used Microsoft Copilot (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA; used in 2026) to support improvements in grammar, clarity, and readability. The tool was not involved in generating scientific content, conducting analyses, interpreting results, nor generating figures. The authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the manuscript.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Defense or the US Government.
