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Article History

Received: 19 September 2023

Accepted: 29 May 2024

First Online: 4 June 2024

Declarations

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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The manuscript has not been submitted to a preprint server prior to submission on Material Cycles and Waste Management. The authors have no relevant financial or no-financial interests to disclose. The authors would like to express their gratitude to ValorSites for its significant technical contributions to the pre-industrialization studies, which facilitate the translation of laboratory research to the contaminated site.