Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 February 2025

Accepted: 2 April 2025

First Online: 18 April 2025

Declarations

:

: We declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

: No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this study because this study evaluated the behaviors of brown bears in the wild.

: We declare that no informed consent was obtained in this study, because it was difficult to identify individuals from the camera trap survey.