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Authors
Nagasaka, Reo
Yamada, Hiroyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-5687
Wada, Satoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-8048
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20J20820)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2024
Accepted: 5 April 2025
First Online: 5 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Fish were collected in a manner that did not violate the fisheries regulations of Hokkaido Prefecture, therefore no permission was required from the local government. The Hokkaido University Animal Experiment Committee, to which the authors belong, does not require approval for research plans using fish. Therefore, this study did not receive an approval number from the committee. However, we took care to minimize contact with fish and avoid unnatural experimental treatments, and devised ways to reduce stress on the experimental fish. All juveniles were returned to their original habitat after behavioral observations.
