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Authors
Ameri, Hosein
Mulhern, Brendan
Norman, Richard
Shiroiwa, Takeru
Daroudi, Rajabali
Poder, Thomas G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-096X
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: Each study was approved by its respective research ethics committee: the Quebec study by the Comité d’éthique de la recherche of the CIUSSS de l’Estrie–CHUS (approval #2016 − 1350) and the Comité d’éthique de la recherche en sciences et en santé de l’Université de Montréal (approval #2023 − 445); the Iran study by the National Research Committee (approval no. IR.TUMS.REC.1394.743); and the Japan study by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Public Health (approval no. NIPHIBRA #12338).
: Informed consent was obtained from all patients in each of the three studies.
: the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
