Funding for this research was provided by:
RWI – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung e.V.
Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study is based on secondary analysis of survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. As the data are fully anonymized and collected in compliance with German data protection and ethical standards, no additional ethical approval was required for this research.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.