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Authors
Ali, Auwal Shehu
Zaaba, Zarul Fitri
Singh, Manmeet Mahinderjit
Anuar, Nor Badrul
Shariff, Mohd Ridzuan Bin M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/ICT07/USM/02/1)
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Article History
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any authors.
: Not applicable.
: No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
