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Article History

Received: 25 March 2024

Revised: 19 August 2024

Accepted: 28 November 2024

First Online: 21 January 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted as part of teacher training organised by the French Ministry of Education. The aim was to examine the effects of practices directly integrated into the teacher training program. The intervention was therefore commissioned by the Rector of the education authority concerned, in collaboration with the National Education Inspectors (Inspecteurs de l’Education Nationale, IEN) and the Academic Directors of National Education Services (Directeurs Académiques des Services de l’Education Nationale, DASEN). The activities therefore strictly followed the curricula determined by the Ministry of Education and did not involve any outside intervention with the students, since they were all set up by the teachers themselves during class time. In addition, the data from the two follow-ups are secondary data. Consequently, ethical approval and consent were not required for this research.

: All authors have given permission to be listed on the submitted paper. They all consent to the publication of the present version of the manuscript.

: The authors declare that there are no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Authors have no financial or non-financial interests to declare.