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Authors
Eckert, Helene https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4870-0048
Steinmayr, Ricarda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-1045
Wirthwein, Linda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-2634
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität Dortmund
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2024
Revised: 18 February 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2025
First Online: 26 March 2025
Declarations
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: The present study is in accordance with guidelines for human subject research. There were no inclusion or exclusion criteria, students were not misled about the purpose of the study, there were no treatments or questions that could cause the students mental or physical harm, and the students were not part of a vulnerable group. The Ethics Committee of the Technical University of Dortmund has given its approval for the conduct of the study.
: Participation was voluntary. We received informed consent forms from the parents of all participants and the school administration approved of the study beforehand. Furthermore, students gave their permission to be tested.
: All authors have read and approved the manuscript, and gave explicit consent to submit the manuscript in the current form to the European Journal of Psychology of Education.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
