Gangal, Merve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-7410
Pala, Şengül https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6383-6911
Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Revised: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted after ethics committee permission had been obtained from Trabzon University/Turkey (Approval number: 2022-4/1.24). Teachers, children, and their parents were informed about the study content, and their verbal and written permission was obtained. Parents were informed that their children’s data would be used anonymously and only for this study, and that participation in the study was voluntary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.