Cheng, Shonn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-2031
Annisa, Nurul https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0517-291X
Ku, Sung-Chan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9468-9784
Chien, Jenny https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1714-3291
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2410-H-027-027-)
Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Revised: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The present study was approved by the research ethics committee (REC) (number: 202310ES024).
: This manuscript has not been published elsewhere. It is not pending in review by other journals.
: The authors declare no competing interests.