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Special education teachers’ efficacy and knowledge in vocational preparation for students with learning disabilities in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany): challenges, resources, and implications for practice

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-026-01065-6

Published Online: 2026-01-17

Published Print: 2026-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hoff, Susanne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-8199
Eisemann, Jo Luz Marie

Hoese, Jana

Grünke, Matthias

Barwasser, Anne
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Universität zu Köln
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-17

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-17
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Article History

Received: 4 April 2025

Revised: 15 December 2025

Accepted: 1 January 2026

First Online: 17 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study involved an anonymous online survey. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. According to institutional guidelines, ethics approval was not required for anonymous survey-based research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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