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Investigating changes in university students’ academic engagement and its relationships with motivation and performance: a quasi-longitudinal study based on latent change score analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-026-01094-1

Published Online: 2026-04-02

Published Print: 2026-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Passeggia, Raffaella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-0644
Fantozzi, Alexa

Esposito, Giovanna

Freda, Maria Francesca

Ragozini, Giancarlo

Testa, Italo
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-02

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-02
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Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Revised: 27 February 2026

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The research presented in this study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and the ICMJE guidelines on Protection of Research Participants.

: We are aware that, if accepted for publication, a certification of authorship form will be required that all co-authors sign.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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