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Article History

Received: 6 August 2025

Revised: 18 March 2026

Accepted: 31 March 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Declarations

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: This research was conducted in two different countries. Therefore, we did not obtain a joint institutional review board approval with appropriate binding force. During the data collection process, we adhered strictly to ethical guidelines to ensure the rights, privacy, and well-being of all participants. Participants were provided with detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits through an informed consent form, which they signed voluntarily. They were assured of their right to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences. Additionally, all data were collected, stored, and analyzed in compliance with confidentiality and data protection regulations. Furthermore, in order to avoid an ethical dilemma, we prepared our research under the guidance of people like Kropotkin (1922) or Resnik (1998), and ethical codes such as AERA (2011), ACA (2014), APA (2017), Nuremberg Criteria (1947), TÜBA (2002) Criteria, or the National Disability Authority’s Ethical Guidance for Research with People with Disabilities (2009).

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.