Grasmeijer, Anna Jean https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-6684
Mendoza-Berjano, Ramón https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-4850
Gómez-Baya, Diego https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-0439
Funding for this research was provided by:
Huelva City Council (Research contract with the University of Huelva (Spain) (code: Ref. 27-2019))
Universidad de Huelva
Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Revised: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 11 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study followed a research protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Andalusian Department of Health and Families (code 1839-N-19; date of approval: 2019.10.29). Informed consent was obtained from the schools, the parents/legal guardians, and the students participating in the study.
: All authors have read and approved the manuscript and consent to its submission to the European Journal of Psychology of Education. The manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration elsewhere.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.