Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52308359)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42472334)
National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20220192)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230258)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QE107)
State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology (JMDPC202303)
Article History
Received: 9 September 2024
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025