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Authors
Chang, Yuan
Li, Yilun
Yang, Xiaolu
Zhang, Peng
Li, Xiaolong
Ma, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovation Team Support Program of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (2023B01, 2023B01, 2023B01)
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Article History
Received: 6 April 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective study, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, was granted a waiver of written informed consent due to its non-interventional nature. Patient data were anonymized in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research did not impact clinical management and maintained strict confidentiality of all medical records.
: Not applicable.
