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Authors
Cao, Xinping
Liu, Jile
Zhao, Mohan
Guo, Shujing
Zhang, Meng
Zhang, Xiaomei
Sun, Rui
Zhao, Yifan
Guo, Ruiting
Zhang, Yi
Zhao, Mingfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-7558
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Health Research Project (TJWJ2024QN040)
the major special project on public health science and technology in Tianjin (24ZXGZSY00120)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-056B)
the Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Committee (TJWJ2022XK018)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 25 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest. The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin First Central Hospital. Our study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients signed informed consent forms. All animal experiments and procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin First Central Hospital. We confirmed that the tumor burden did not exceed the recommended dimensions and that the animals were anesthetized and killed using acceptable methods. The mice were euthanized using cervical dislocation. The death of the experimental animals was determined by paying attention to their respiration, pupils, and neural responses.
