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Authors
Liang, Bing
Hu, Annan
Zhou, Jian
Li, Juan
Dong, Jian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172738, 82473356)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172738, 82473356)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172738, 82473356)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172738, 82473356)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172738, 82473356)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y31900202)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y31900202)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y31900202)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y31900202)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y31900202)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Project (202140140)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Project (202140140)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Project (202140140)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Project (202140140)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Project (202140140)
Shanghai Municipal Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZX20253100002003)
Shanghai Municipal Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZX20253100002003)
Shanghai Municipal Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZX20253100002003)
Shanghai Municipal Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZX20253100002003)
Shanghai Municipal Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZX20253100002003)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the the Medical Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Approval No. B2024-540). Ethical approval for this study was granted with a waiver of patient consent by the Institutional Ethics Committee on the grounds that the research was retrospective and utilized pre-existing, de-identified data.
