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Authors
Zhang, Chengpeng
Hou, Kangyan
Lin, Dongjun
Xu, Cong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270176)
Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality (SZSM202411022)
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 21 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the guideline laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving study participants were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Ethical review and approval were waived for this study as it solely used publicly available data for research and publication. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the NHANES.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
