Zhao, Chuan
Lin, Yi
Chen, Huadong
Liu, Hongxing
Hu, Wenxin
Wang, Xingfu
Chen, Jintao
Luo, Ning
Qi, Xueling
Han, Song
Li, Xiaonan
Wang, Xianlong
Lin, Zhixiong
Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was reviewed and approved by the human subjects’ institutional review boards of Sanbo Brain Hospital of Capital Medical University (SBNK-YJ-2020-014-01). Written informed consent was obtained from the families of all patients whose tumor and/or blood samples were collected.
: The authors declare no competing interests.