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Authors
Miao, Yan
Chen, Jianxin
Zheng, Zhiwei
Zhang, Yunxiao
Liu, Ruiqi
Chu, Junyi
Li, Sen
Liu, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Regional Innovation Development Project
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 25 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants provided written informed consent. This study used de-identified, publicly available data; therefore, no additional institutional review board approval was required.
: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board.
