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Authors
Qiu, Jiali
Cao, Lei
Li, Yi
Li, Yan
Yin, Zhiqi
Kong, Dejun
Chen, Na https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8460-6875
Wang, Zhenglu https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1741-4087
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality (22JCYBJC01230)
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality (23JCQNJC01540)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-015A)
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin First Central Hospital (Approval No. STEC-TFCH-2024-HM-2). This retrospective study utilized archived specimens from patients who underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma at Tianjin First Central Hospital between January 2015 and January 2022. All samples were obtained from the hospital’s Biological Sample Resource Sharing Center. At the time of sample collection and banking, written informed consent was obtained from each patient or their legal guardian for the future use of their residual tissue in medical research. A representative copy of the informed consent form has been submitted to the editorial office. All research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of Tianjin Jinke Bona Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Approval No. GENINK-20250109).
