Lestari, Widya
Irfanita, Nining
Haris, Muhammad Salahuddin
Lin, Galvin Sim Siang
Jaswir, Irwandi
Darnis, Deny Susanti
Ruziantee, Nurul
Mazlan, Nurzafirah
Idrus, Erik
Amir, Lisa Rinanda
Fadhlina, Anis
Sheikh, Hassan I.
Arzmi, Mohd Hafiz
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2019/SKK14/UIAM/02/2)
International Islamic University Malaysia
Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 17 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare relevant to this article’s content.
: Not applicable.