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Authors
Huang, Peng
Zhang, Rui
Sheng, Yiwen
Nan, Binbin
Li, Xiaojun
Cheng, Zijian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-3462
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LMS25H140003)
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2023YFC2506300, 2024YFA1108900, 2022YFC2402901)
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 23 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The data were obtained from NHANES. The original survey protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-NCHS), and all survey participants provided written informed consent.
