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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 23 October 2025

First Online: 17 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All participants provided written and oral informed consent before inclusion in the study. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDAs-Rec ID032209), in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. Patient confidentiality was maintained throughout, and only de-identified data and images were used for research and publication purposes.

: Not applicable.