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Authors
Elfaiedi, Fatma I. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4437-2916
Korany, Nahed S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-0733
Fawzy El-Sayed, Karim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-3609
AbuBakr, Nermeen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-0070
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 4 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This animal experiment was accepted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Cairo University with approval number (CU|III|F|58|21). All animal procedures were performed according to the ARRIVE guidelines. Gingival sample collection was carried out in compliance with Cairo University’s Faculty of Dentistry’s Research Ethics Committee guidelines with approval number (1|1|23). This work was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Donors provided written informed consent for the use of free gingival soft tissue collars that were surrounding their extracted third molars for research purposes.
