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Authors
Alsayed, Hussain D.
Shahin, Islam G.
Anany, Noha M.
El-Anwar, Mohamed I.
Elshazly, Tarek M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-9048
Alhotan, Abdulaziz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0485
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Bonn
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical approval. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt (FDASU-RecIE121904).
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT and DeepSeek AI tools to improve the readability of the English language. After using this tool, all authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.
