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Authors
Avucalmaz Bastug, Busra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-767X
Bozkurt, Durmus Alperen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-5777
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi (201924010)
Bursa Uludag University
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry of Necmettin Erbakan University for Non-Pharmaceutical and Non-Medical Product Research (Decision No. 2020/05). The patient's informed consent was obtained prior to the extraction of the teeth used in the current study. A total of 90 human mandibular premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons, were used in this study.
