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Authors
Abdelmenam, Doaa Shawky https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7222-0084
Elshahawy, Waleed Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-6047
Ahmed, Rania Khedr https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6043-2761
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tanta University
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no financial or proprietary interests related to any of the materials discussed in this article.
Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University (FP3-242157).
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
