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Authors
Karawia, Inas https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8465-5685
Naguib, Rania Adel
Rafla, Marina Nabil
Fattah, Alaa Emad Abdel
Michael, Sandra Maged
Mohamed, Osama Safwat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-6179
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pharos University
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Pharos University under registration no. (PUA-UREAC-27-10-2024). All methods were carried out in agreement with the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from patients at the time of extractions, declaring that these teeth would be used for research purposes instead of being discarded as waste.
: Not applicable.
