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Authors
Ibrahim, Sameh E. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2824-014X
Mabrouk, Mai S.
Mohamed, Wael A.
Elnokrashy, Ahmed F.
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Article History
Received: 18 March 2025
Revised: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 25 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve direct human participation but used retrospective mammogram datasets. Ethical approval for data usage was obtained from the Baheya Foundation for Early Detection & Treatment of Breast Cancer and the National Cancer Institute of Egypt.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
