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Authors
Coomer, Seth C. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8843-0976
Merkle, Alexander N.
Patel, Vikas V.
Nunley, Pierce D.
Hipp, John A.
Grieco, Trevor F.
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Revised: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: Pearl IRB ( ) found the research to be exempt according to 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4) Secondary Research Uses of Data or Specimens on 01/05/2024 IRB ID: 2024–0008.
: This study was deemed exempt according to 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4). All imaging and data in this study was fully deidentified prior to its availability to the authors.
: This study was deemed exempt according to 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4). All imaging and data in this study was fully deidentified prior to its availability to the authors.
: Seth C. Coomer, John A. Hipp, and Trevor F. Grieco are employed by Medical Metrics Inc. Alexander N. Merkle, Vikas V. Patel, and Pierce D. Nunley are paid consultants for Medical Metrics Inc. John A. Hipp owns stock in Medical Metrics Inc. Trevor F. Grieco owns stock in Medical Metrics Diagnostics. Vikas V. Patel has a consulting relationship with Cerapedics Inc., Zygofix, SpineWelding AG, Shukla, Mainstay Medical, Globus Medical Inc., Orthobond Corporation, and SI-BONE Inc. Vikas V. Patel has received past grant funding from Simplify Medical and Mainstay Medical. Pierce D. Nunley has a consulting relationship with SeeALL, Camber Spine, Accelus, Providence Medical, Neo Spine, Spineology, Centinel Spine, Intrinsic Therapeutics, Spinal Elements NG Medical, Regeltec, 3Spine, Redrock, SAIL Fusion, SST, and Nevro. Pierce D. Nunley has received grant funding from Globus Medical, Providence Medical, Centinel Spine, SAIL Fusion, and 3Spine. Pierce D. Nunley has board membership with SeeALL.
