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Authors
Huang, Kuan-Chih https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-1963
Lin, Chang-En
Lin, Donna Shu-Han
Lin, Ting‐Tse
Wu, Cho-Kai
Jeng, Geng-Shi
Lin, Lian-Yu
Lin, Lung-Chun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-0823
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113 - 2314 - B - 002 - 144 - MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (MOST 111-2628-B-002-034-MY3.)
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Revised: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Declarations
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: The institutional review board of National Taiwan University Hospital granted ethical approval on 27 November 2018 (NTUH-REC no. 201809013RINB).
: Patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and data anonymization.
: Our study does not involve any identifiable patient data. All data used for analysis and publication were fully anonymized, and no individual-level personal or sensitive information is presented in the manuscript. Therefore, a consent to publish form is not applicable in this case.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Grammarly in order to improve readability and language. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
