An, Xinjun
Sun, Jindong
Zhang, Yixin
Jiang, Jian
Peng, Yanjun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61976126)
Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Revised: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study utilized the publicly released LLD-MMRI2023 dataset (Liver Lesion Diagnosis Challenge on Multi-phase MRI, MICCAI 2023), which comprises de-identified, multi-phase clinical MRI scans of 498 patients covering seven liver lesion types across eight imaging phases. The dataset is available for research purposes following challenge registration and does not contain identifiable patient information. Therefore, no additional ethics approval was required for this study.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors confirm that all participants whose individual data are included in this study provided informed consent for the publication of their data. For any images, personal details, or case information presented in this manuscript, explicit consent to publish was obtained from the individuals or, in the case of minors, from their parents or legal guardians. This includes all participants contributing data from the LLD-MMRI2023 dataset used in this research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.