Li, Xue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-6232
Merkow, Jameson
Codella, Noel C. F.
Santamaria-Pang, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-8394
Sangani, Naiteek
Ersoy, Alexander
Burt, Christopher
Garrett, John W.
Bruce, Richard J.
Warner, Joshua D.
Bradshaw, Tyler
Tarapov, Ivan
Lungren, Matthew P.
McMillan, Alan B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-6522
Article History
Received: 18 May 2025
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Due to the retrospective nature of the study, a waiver of informed consent was obtained.
: NCFC, JM, MPL, ASP, NS, AE, and CB are employees of Microsoft. NCFC holds diverse investments in the technology and healthcare sectors. John W. Garrett is an advisor to RadUnity. He and Joshua D. Warner are shareholders in NVIDIA. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.