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Authors
Hoq, Md.Enamul
Tarbox, Lawrence
Johann, Donald Jr.
Larson-Prior, Linda
Prior, Fred
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (Team Science Award)
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study used publicly available, de-identified data (NLST) and did not require IRB approval.
: Not applicable (public dataset, no human subjects directly involved).
: All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
