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Authors
Kavousinejad, Shahab
Ghazanfari, Sara
Manshadi, Sara alsadat Hosseinikhah
Biglar, Nazila
Nahvi, Golnaz
Dalaie, Kazem
Behnaz, Mohammad
Mirmohammadsadeghi, Hoori
Tahmasbi, Soodeh
Ebadifar, Asghar
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Revised: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Beheshti University under the code IR.SBMU.DRC.REC.1403.145.
: This study used retrospective data. As confirmed by the ethics committee, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived.
: The authors affirm that all facial images were fully anonymized and do not contain any identifiable individual data. Therefore, informed consent for publication was not required, as confirmed by the ethics committee (IR.SBMU.DRC.REC.1403.145).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
