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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Revised: 23 January 2026

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Declarations

:

: OET reports grants from The Royal College of Surgeons England and honoraria for lectures from Accord and Bayer. AS reports support for the present manuscript from the Prostate Cancer Foundation-John Black Charitable Foundation Young Investigator Award; grants or contracts from the Prostate Cancer UK Research & Innovation Award, The Urology Foundation, and Cancer Research UK; consulting fees from Veracyte; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Ipsen, Janssen, and Gedeon Richter; and support for attending meetings or travel from AIRA Matrix. All other authors declare no competing interests.

: Written consent was obtained from all patients for access to their medical records and study conduct was in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the STAMPEDE trial, including consent for use of anonymised data in subsequent research analyses and publications.

: The STAMPEDE trial was approved by the national research ethics committee (MREC/01/0/73; ISRCTN78818544). All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation and with the Declaration of Helsinki.