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Authors
Habek, Mario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-1748
Fanciulli, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-4179
Pavy-Le Traon, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-1553
Struhal, Walter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-7784
Krbot Skorić, Magdalena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-3732
Crnošija, Luka
Adamec, Ivan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-6526
Bozzali, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-2026
Falup-Pecurariu, Cristian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-7161
Jordan, Jens https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-0706
Kaal, Evert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-4554
Wenning, Gregor K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-1666
Calandra Buonaura, Giovanna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-3532
Chiaro, Giacomo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4617-2559
Cortelli, Pietro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-8818
Guaraldi, Pietro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-603X
Hilz, Max J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-1751
Iodice, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-5611
Terkelsen, Astrid Juhl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-1958
Kamondi, Anita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-730X
Milner, Marc Stefan Dawid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-598X
Carneiro, Diogo Reis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8912-4736
Rocchi, Camilla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-9878
Rocha, Isabel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-0893
Rzepiński, Łukasz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-6148
Stanković, Iva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-4717
Tijero, Beatriz
Thijs, Roland D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-8970
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Mario Habek: Received consultation and/or speaker fees from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Zentiva. Alessandra Fanciulli: Dr Fanciulli reports royalties from Springer Verlag, speaker fees and honoraria from Abbvie, Bial, CNSystems, Desitin, Elsevier, Ferrer, Ionis, Medtronic, Sanofi, Theravance Biopharma, Austrian Autonomic Society, International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Society, and research grants from the Austrian Science Fund, European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Mission MSA and Dr Johannes and Hertha Tuba Foundation, outside of the present work. Anne Pavy-Le Traon: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Walter Struhal: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Magdalena Krbot Skorić: Received consultation and/or speaker fees from Biogen, Novartis, Roche. Luka Crnošija: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Ivan Adamec: Received consultation and/or speaker fees from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, AstraZeneca. Marco Bozzali: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Cristian Falup-Pecurariu: reports editor fees from Springer and Elsevier, speaker fees from Abbvie, Zentiva, Organon, Boehringer Ingelheim and from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS). Has received funding from ERA4Health Joint Transnational Call for Proposals 2024 NutriBrain (Horizon). Has received funding for clinical trials from AbbVie, Britannia/Stada. Jens Jordan: Serves as advisor for Theravance Biopharma. Evert Kaal: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Gregor K. Wenning: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Giovanna Calandra Buonaura: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Giacomo Chiaro: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Pietro Cortelli: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Pietro Guaraldi: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Max J Hilz: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Valeria Iodice: Supported by the National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre and by the Autonomic Charitable Trust (ACT) (Lord Bagri) Research Award. Has received honoraria from Theravance Biopharma not related to this work. Astrid Juhl Terkelsen: Funded by Novo Nordisk Borregaard Clinical Ascending grant (NNF23OC0082689) and has received honorarium from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Denmark, Alnylam and Sanofi. Anita Kamondi: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Marc Stefan Dawid Milner: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Diogo Reis Carneiro: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Camilla Rocchi: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Isabel Rocha: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Łukasz Rzepiński: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Iva Stanković: Received consultancy fee from Ferrer and speaker honoraria from International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Beatriz Tijero: The author declares no conflicts of interest. Roland Thijs: Reports lecture and consultancy fees from Medtronic, UCB, Angelini Pharma, Eisai, Theravarance, Zogenix, Novartis, LivAssured, and Arvelle, and grants from Medtronic and NewLife Wearables.
