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Authors
Ali, Wajid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-966X
Doyen, Périne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-2115
Amara, Rachid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-1333
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Université du littoral côte d'opale
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.
: The manuscript was edited using ChatGPT, GPT-5 (OpenAI, free version), ONLY to improve readability and correctness of the English language, including grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting.
